Keywords
Spirituality, Diaspora, Indonesian Muslim, Religious Identity
How to Cite
Supardi, B. I. (2024). The Dynamics of Indonesian Muslim Spirituality in the United States. Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture, 5(2), 36-59. https://doi.org/10.47776/islamnusantara.v5i2.1166
Abstract
This article discusses the dynamics of spirituality among Indonesian Muslims who have migrated to the United States, focusing on how they maintain and express their religious identity within a diverse society. The research analyzes the challenges faced by the Indonesian Muslim community in preserving spiritual practices in culturally and socially different environments. Additionally, the article explores the role of community, religious organizations, and technology in supporting the sustainability of their spirituality. The findings indicate that Indonesian Muslims in the United States experience a transformation in their religious practices, often involving adaptation and innovation to keep their spiritual identity alive. This article provides insights into how the Indonesian Muslim diaspora shapes their religious identity abroad and contributes to spiritual diversity in the United States.
References
References
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Abu-Lughod, L. (2015). Do Muslim Women Need Saving?. Harvard University Press.
Al-Attas, S. (2019). Islam and Cultural Identity in the Diaspora. Oxford University Press.
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2019). The Role of Technology in Modern Islamic Practice. Islamic Publications.
American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. APA.
Anwar, Etin. (2006). Gender and Self in Islam. Routledge.
Asna Husin. (2019). Being Muslim in a Secular World: Indonesian Families in Washington DC Area. Studia Islamika, 26(2), 277.
Aziz, A. (2023). Community and Identity: The Role of Religion in Diaspora. Journal of Islamic Studies, 15(2), 45-60.
Azra, Azyumardi. (2015). Indonesian Muslim Diaspora in the United States: Religious and Cultural Identity. Asian Journal of Social Science, 43(1), 63-85.
Bakti, Andri H. (2010). "Indonesian Muslims in the United States: Diverse Challenges, Unique Opportunities." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 30(4), 491-503.
Bowen, G. A. (2009). "Document analysis as a qualitative research method." Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). "Using thematic analysis in psychology." Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Bukhari, A., & Mohammad-Arif, M. (2004). Religious Adaptation and Integration: Muslim Communities in the West. Routledge.
Cohen, R. (2008). Global Diasporas: An Introduction. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
El Guindi, Fadwa. (2003). Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance. Berg.
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. Basic Books.
Haddad, Y. Y., Smith, J. I., & Moore, J. (2006). Muslims in the West: From Sojourners to Citizens. Indiana University Press.
Hassan, R. (2021). "Engagement and Integration: Muslim Communities in America." Social Science Review, 32(4), 78-92.
Hoodfar, H., & Minai, S. (2020). Muslim Diasporas: Identity and Religion. Palgrave Macmillan.
Jamal, A. (2020). "Religious Practices and Cultural Adaptations: Arab Muslims in America." Middle Eastern Studies Journal, 29(1), 112-130.
Khan, A. (2018). Religion and Adaptation: Immigrant Muslim Communities in the West. Cambridge University Press.
Khan, M. (2019). "Diaspora Dynamics: The Case of Pakistani Muslims in America." Cultural Perspectives, 8(3), 50-65.
Liauw, T. (2022). "Navigating Identity: Indonesian Muslims in the United States." American Ethnologist, 19(2), 134-150.
Nasr, S. H. (2002). Islamic Spirituality: Foundations. Crossroad Publishing.
Nimer, Mohamed. (2002). The North American Muslim Resource Guide: Muslim Community Life in the United States and Canada. Routledge.
Patel, R. (2017). Youth and Religion: The Changing Face of Muslim Identity in America. Harvard University Press.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage Publications.
Peacock, James L. (1994). Muslim Communities in North America. University of California Press.
Peek, L. (2005). "Becoming Muslim: The Development of a Religious Identity." Sociology of Religion, 66(1), 141-159.
Putnam, Robert. (2007). "E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century." Scandinavian Political Studies.
Putra, R. (2021). "Adaptation and Innovation in Indonesian Muslim Practices Abroad." Indonesian Studies Review, 12(1), 22-40.
Rahman, I., & Abdullah, M. (2021). Mosques and Islamic Centers: Community and Identity in the US Muslim Diaspora. Routledge.
Sari, N. (2022). "Digital Religion: How Technology Shapes Islamic Practice in the Diaspora." Technology and Society, 11(2), 98-114.
Shryock, Andrew. (2010). Islamophobia/Islamophilia: Beyond the Politics of Enemy and Friend. Indiana University Press.
Smith, J., & Hatzfeld, R. (2020). Spirituality in the Global Village: Diasporic Religious Practices. Springer.
Sukma, S. (2024). "The Role of Ramadan in Diaspora Communities: A Case Study of Indonesian Muslims." International Journal of Cultural Studies, 20(1), 87-102.
Williams, Rhys H. (2011). Muslim American Youth: Understanding Hyphenated Identities Through Multiple Methods. NYU Press.
Wijaya, A. (2023). "Religious Identity and Cultural Adaptation: Indonesian Muslims in America." Journal of Comparative Religion, 16(3), 75-89.
Woodward, Mark R. (2011). Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. University of Arizona Press.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage Publications.
Zine, J. (2017). Muslim Youth in the Diaspora: Identity, Belonging, and Religious Practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
Abdelhadi, N. (2017). Muslim Women in America: The Challenge of Integrating Faith and Identity. University of Texas Press.
Abu-Lughod, L. (2015). Do Muslim Women Need Saving?. Harvard University Press.
Al-Attas, S. (2019). Islam and Cultural Identity in the Diaspora. Oxford University Press.
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2019). The Role of Technology in Modern Islamic Practice. Islamic Publications.
American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. APA.
Anwar, Etin. (2006). Gender and Self in Islam. Routledge.
Asna Husin. (2019). Being Muslim in a Secular World: Indonesian Families in Washington DC Area. Studia Islamika, 26(2), 277.
Aziz, A. (2023). Community and Identity: The Role of Religion in Diaspora. Journal of Islamic Studies, 15(2), 45-60.
Azra, Azyumardi. (2015). Indonesian Muslim Diaspora in the United States: Religious and Cultural Identity. Asian Journal of Social Science, 43(1), 63-85.
Bakti, Andri H. (2010). "Indonesian Muslims in the United States: Diverse Challenges, Unique Opportunities." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 30(4), 491-503.
Bowen, G. A. (2009). "Document analysis as a qualitative research method." Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). "Using thematic analysis in psychology." Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Bukhari, A., & Mohammad-Arif, M. (2004). Religious Adaptation and Integration: Muslim Communities in the West. Routledge.
Cohen, R. (2008). Global Diasporas: An Introduction. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
El Guindi, Fadwa. (2003). Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance. Berg.
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. Basic Books.
Haddad, Y. Y., Smith, J. I., & Moore, J. (2006). Muslims in the West: From Sojourners to Citizens. Indiana University Press.
Hassan, R. (2021). "Engagement and Integration: Muslim Communities in America." Social Science Review, 32(4), 78-92.
Hoodfar, H., & Minai, S. (2020). Muslim Diasporas: Identity and Religion. Palgrave Macmillan.
Jamal, A. (2020). "Religious Practices and Cultural Adaptations: Arab Muslims in America." Middle Eastern Studies Journal, 29(1), 112-130.
Khan, A. (2018). Religion and Adaptation: Immigrant Muslim Communities in the West. Cambridge University Press.
Khan, M. (2019). "Diaspora Dynamics: The Case of Pakistani Muslims in America." Cultural Perspectives, 8(3), 50-65.
Liauw, T. (2022). "Navigating Identity: Indonesian Muslims in the United States." American Ethnologist, 19(2), 134-150.
Nasr, S. H. (2002). Islamic Spirituality: Foundations. Crossroad Publishing.
Nimer, Mohamed. (2002). The North American Muslim Resource Guide: Muslim Community Life in the United States and Canada. Routledge.
Patel, R. (2017). Youth and Religion: The Changing Face of Muslim Identity in America. Harvard University Press.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage Publications.
Peacock, James L. (1994). Muslim Communities in North America. University of California Press.
Peek, L. (2005). "Becoming Muslim: The Development of a Religious Identity." Sociology of Religion, 66(1), 141-159.
Putnam, Robert. (2007). "E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century." Scandinavian Political Studies.
Putra, R. (2021). "Adaptation and Innovation in Indonesian Muslim Practices Abroad." Indonesian Studies Review, 12(1), 22-40.
Rahman, I., & Abdullah, M. (2021). Mosques and Islamic Centers: Community and Identity in the US Muslim Diaspora. Routledge.
Sari, N. (2022). "Digital Religion: How Technology Shapes Islamic Practice in the Diaspora." Technology and Society, 11(2), 98-114.
Shryock, Andrew. (2010). Islamophobia/Islamophilia: Beyond the Politics of Enemy and Friend. Indiana University Press.
Smith, J., & Hatzfeld, R. (2020). Spirituality in the Global Village: Diasporic Religious Practices. Springer.
Sukma, S. (2024). "The Role of Ramadan in Diaspora Communities: A Case Study of Indonesian Muslims." International Journal of Cultural Studies, 20(1), 87-102.
Williams, Rhys H. (2011). Muslim American Youth: Understanding Hyphenated Identities Through Multiple Methods. NYU Press.
Wijaya, A. (2023). "Religious Identity and Cultural Adaptation: Indonesian Muslims in America." Journal of Comparative Religion, 16(3), 75-89.
Woodward, Mark R. (2011). Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. University of Arizona Press.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage Publications.
Zine, J. (2017). Muslim Youth in the Diaspora: Identity, Belonging, and Religious Practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Bambang Irawan