Pembentukan Kementerian Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia dan Masa Depan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines the institutional transformation of migrant worker protection in Indonesia through the establishment of the Ministry for the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (KP2MI) under Presidential Regulations No. 165 and 166 of 2024. Using historical institutionalism and legal institutionalism, the research explores the interplay between the evolution of policy and law as a normative framework. The findings indicate that the formation of KP2MI marks a critical juncture in the reform of Indonesia’s labor migration governance. The transition from an agency to a ministerial body reflects a shift from a coordinative to an executorial protection paradigm. Nonetheless, the institution’s performance is still constrained by bureaucratic path dependence, overlapping ministerial authorities, and limited legal and service integration. The study concludes that KP2MI’s effectiveness hinges on strengthening its legal foundation, enhancing cross-sectoral coordination, and adopting a human-centered and accountable governance model. It further recommends reforming the legal framework, digitizing protection mechanisms, and expanding public participation as key pillars for establishing a just and effective institutional system for migrant worker protection